Legal Opinion For 8th Social Studies :: essays research papers

Legal Opinion A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I picked the side of New Jersey in the New Jersey vs. T.L.O case. The reason I picked that side is because the girl whas smoking on school grounds and she was not allowed to do that. Another reason is the teacher that found the girl smoking had the right to bring her to the Principals office, because she had a reason to. Finally the girl denied smoking, she said she didn’t smoke and she probably would of got in less trouble if she told the truth. B.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A girl was caught smoking in a shcool bathroom. A teacher caught her and took her to the Principals office to be searched. The vice-principal found more than just cigarettes, they also found rolling papers, marijuana, a pipe, a large amount of cash, and an index card with a list of student names and amounts of money owed to her. The Juvenille Court prosecuted T.L.O for drug dealing. T.L.O ploted that the search was unconstitutional and was breaking her rights under the 4th amendment. Juvenille Court still thought that it was alright to search her bag because the school had a suspicious reason for commiting a crime. The case then went to the Supreme Court, they ruled that the school by any means had the right to search T.L.O C.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The New Jersey High School had the right to search T.L.O. The Fourth Amendment say’s that nobody has the right to search someone for no reason unless there is a probable cause. For that means the school had no reason to search the girl. The law for searching in a school is different. You are allowed to search only if you have a reason. For that means the school did have a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The school also had the right to search the girl, because a teacher found the girl smoking in the bathroom, It clearly says that smoking was not allowed on school grounds. On top of that the girl lied about smoking. That makes everything worse for the girl. The teacher found the girl smoking in the bathroom, but T.L.O denied it, in the search the Vice-President found cigarettes. That has got to mean she smokes. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were the opposing view I would think the search was wrong because there was no probable cause  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and there was no evidence for her smoking.

Cognitive Development of an Infant and Toddler Essay

Piaget based the sensorimotor stage on his observations of his own children The Circular Reaction: a. Circular reactions are the means by which infants explore the environment and build schemes by trying to repeat chance events caused by their own motor activity. b. These reactions are first centered on the infant’s own body. Subsequently, they change to manipulating objects and then to producing novel effects in the environment. Substage 1: Reflexive Schemes – a. Piaget regarded newborn reflexes as the building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence. b. At first, babies suck, grasp, and look in much the same way, no matter what the circumstances. Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions-The First Learned Adaptations – a. Infants develop simple motor skills and change their behavior in response to environmental demands. b. The first circular reactions are primary in that they are oriented towards the infants’ own bodies and motivated by basic needs. Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions-Making Interesting Sights Last – a. Circular reactions of this substage are secondary in that the infants repeat actions that affect the environment. b. Infants can imitate actions that they have practiced many times. Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reaction – a. Intentional, or goal directed, behavior is the combination of schemes to solve problems. b. Piaget regarded meansend action sequences as the first sign that babies appreciate physical causality. c. Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight; it is not yet complete in this substage. d. AB search errors are committed by infants in this substage. Infants 8- to 12-months-old only look for an object in hiding place A after the object is moved from A to hiding place B. Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions-Discovering New Means through Active Experimentation – a. Circular reactions in this substage are tertiary in that the infant repeats actions with variation-exploring the environment and bringing about new outcomes. b. Experimentation leads to a more advanced understanding of object permanence. Toddlers no longer make the AB search error. Substage 6: Mental Representation-Inventing New Means Through Mental Combinations – a. mental representations are internal images of absent objects and past events. b. The toddler can now solve problems through symbolic means instead of trial-and-error. c. Representation allows deferred imitation-the ability to copy the behavior of models that are not immediately present. d. Functional play is motor activity with or without objects during the first year and a half in which sensorimotor schemes are practiced. e. At the end of the second year, representation permits toddlers to engage in make-believe play.

A Psychology Essay on Dreams Essay

Since the dawn of mankind, man has been searching for the answer to just one question: Why do we dream? I believe strongly that the reason is not clear-cut and as easy to answer as it might seem. I think that dreams range in meaning and importance. When someone has a dream, there are many possible types of dreams they could have. First of these possibilities is for a dream that involves absolutely no meaning whatsoever. The dream is meaningless and involves a chain or series of events that are unrelated to one another and may be of people or places familiar or not. These dreams are most likely created because of the flash and mixture of chemicals that occurs during sleep. Many times these dreams are actually so bazaar that they have no meaning even to the dreamer. So these dreams are mostly just passed over and ignored. The second type of dream is one in which the dreamer can comprehend everything that is going on but things seem to have no meaning as before. But in some of these dre ams, there are symbols that come into play. When you look at these dreams sometimes they can represent real life events. Often these are predictions about what could happen in the future or are an interpretation of things that have passed. These, like almost all other dreams have significance as a result of bodily rejuvenation processes. This type of dream has a significance I believe in helping the person have the feeling of a good sleep, where things have, if not in some bazaar way, been resolved. The third type of dream is one which makes great and perfect sense to the dreamer but doesn’t have any real meaning. An example of this is dreaming that you are flying. Although you know what you are doing, and are comprehending this, it really doesn’t have meaning in your life. Dreams like this can be quite mentally satisfying to the dreamer. Many times a dream like this can be almost a form of entertainment to the dreamer, especially if the dreamer realizes they are dreaming. When this happens sometimes the dreamer will take control of their dream and can do things they would not normally be able to do in real life. Another type of dream is one where the dream has full meaning and the dreamer can fully reali ze everything that happens. Dreams like this can show exactly the way things could happen in the future, or ways of dealing with problems that will occur or have occurred. Many people believe that a dream of this kind could be an actual depiction of the way things will happen. Many people swear to this belief. I personally do believe in this possibility. Basically, I believe that people have not even begun to realize the potential of the human mind. I think that even with as much as we know about technology, it cannot even compare to the power and unlimited ability of the human mind. I believe that many times, our dreams can actually be predictions about the future. Also, I personally believe that the mind can actually solve problems while in a sleep state. I know that sometimes I have gone to sleep with a problem planted in my mind, and would awaken having dreamt of an answer. Many times this would help me to more clearly confront the problem and resolve it. I don’t really believe in any one of the theories about dreaming myself, but rather think that a mixture of all of them is true. What it comes down to is that dreaming is a chemical process that at the same time generates a side-effect that we call dreaming. But the brain itself actually will control this so that it sometimes has meaning to us. I believe that subconsciously we have areas of the brain that are in-tune to things beyond normal comprehension. These areas develop the real meaning of dreams and their significance in our lives.

Motivation plan Essay

Motivation plan Essay Motivation plan Essay Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan Determine the motivational strategy or strategies that would likely be most appropriate for each of your three employees on basis of their individual characteristics. Indicate how you would leverage their employee evaluations to motivate each of the three employees. Describe one or more of the motivational theories and explain how the theories connect to each of your selected motivational strategies. Team Member Name Summary of Individual Characteristics Motivational Strategy and Action Plan Relevant Theory Pearl Chacon Pearl loves her job and the satisfaction she gets when she accomplishes her goals. She would like to get paid more but knows that she still needs to learn to gain the skills needed to move up. She has a high emotional intelligence. This employee does not need much motivation at her job. She is satisfied with her job and knows exactly what she needs to do to accomplish her goals at work. The action plan the company needs to develop is that they need to put actions in place to keep pearl satisfied with your job and use her skill to the fullest. Give her more responsibility and give here the confidence she needs to continue to be satisfied. McClelland theory is the relevant theory. Pearl knows that she needs to strive to succeed which is one of the needs for McClelland theory. For Pearl to achieve her goals she must work on her skills. Vince Lopez Vince is satisfied with his job, makes the right decisions at work, and has a high emotional intelligence. He loves how engaged he is at work and is happy that he is working This employee does not need much motivation at his job. He feels that he has the right amount of engagement at work and is happy with his work. The action that should be taken should be the same

Profile of Serial Killer William Bonin, The Freeway Killer

Profile of Serial Killer William Bonin, The Freeway Killer William Bonin was a serial killer suspected of sexually assaulting, torturing and killing at least 21 boys and young men in Los Angeles and Orange County, California. The press nicknamed him the  The Freeway Killer, because he would pick up young boys who were hitchhiking, sexually assault and murder them, then dispose of their bodies along the freeways. Unlike many serial killers, Bonin had multiple accomplices during his murder spree. Known accomplices included  Vernon Robert Butts, Gregory Matthew Miley, William Ray Pugh, and James Michael Munro. In May 1980,  Pugh was arrested for stealing cars and while in prison provided detectives details connecting the freeway murders to William Bonin in exchange for a lighter sentence. Pugh told detectives that he accepted a ride from Bonin who bragged that he was the Freeway Killer. Later evidence proved that Pugh and Bonins relationship went beyond a one-time ride and that Pugh participated in at least two of the murders. After being placed under police surveillance for nine days,  Bonin was arrested while in the process of sexually assaulting a 15-year-old boy in the back of his van. Unfortunately, even while under surveillance, Bonin was able to commit one more murder before his arrest. Childhood - Teen Years Born in Connecticut on January 8, 1947, Bonin was the middle child of three brothers. He  grew up in a dysfunctional family with an alcoholic father and a grandfather who was a convicted child molester. Early on he was a troubled kid and ran away from home when he was eight years old. He was later sent to a juvenile detention center for various small crimes, where he allegedly was sexually molested by older teens. After leaving the center he began molesting children. After high school, Bonin joined the U.S. Air Force and served in the Vietnam War as a gunner. When he returned home, he married, divorced and moved to California. A Vow to Never Get Caught Again He was first arrested at age 22 for sexually assaulting young boys and spent five years in jail. After his release, he molested a 14-year-old boy and was returned to prison for an additional four years. Vowing never to get caught again, he began killing his young victims. From 1979 until his arrest in June 1980, Bonin, along with his accomplices, went on a raping, torturing  and killing spree, often cruising California highways and streets for young male hitchhikers and school children. After his arrest, he confessed to killing 21 young boys and young men. Police suspected him in 15 additional murders. Charged with 14 of the 21 killings, Bonin was found guilty and sentenced to death. On February 23, 1996, Bonin was executed by lethal injection, making him the first person to be executed by lethal injection in California history. Freeway Killer Victims Thomas Lundgren, age 14, murdered on May 28, 1979. Accomplices Vernon Butts and William PughMark Shelton, age 17, murdered on August 4, 1979Marcus Grabs, age 17, murdered on August 5, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsDonald Hayden, age 15, murdered on August 27, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsDavid Murillo, age 17, murdered on September 9, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsRobert Wirostek, age 16, murdered on September 27, 1979John Doe, age 14-20, murdered on November 30, 1979Dennis Frank Fox, age 17, murdered on December 2, 1979. Accomplice James MunroJohn Doe, age 15-20, murdered on December 13, 1979Michael McDonald, age 16, murdered on January 1, 1980Charles Miranda, age 14, murdered on February 3, 1980. Accomplice Gregory MileyJames McCabe, age 12, murdered on February 3, 1980. Accomplice Gregory MileyRonald Gaitlin, age 18, murdered on March 14, 1980Harry Todd Turner, age 15, murdered on March 20, 1980. Accomplice William PughGlen Barker, age 14, murdered on March 21, 1980Russell Rugh, age 15, murdered on March 22, 1980 Steven Wood, age 16, murdered on April 10, 1980Lawrence Sharp, age 18, murdered on April 10, 1980Darin Lee Kendrick, age 19, murdered on April 29, 1980. Accomplice Vernon ButtsSean King, age 14, murdered on May 19, 1980. Confessed accomplice William PughSteven Wells, age 18, murdered on June 2, 1980. Accomplices Vernon Butts and James Munro Co-Defendants: Vernon Butts: Butts was 22 years old and a factory worker and part-time magician when he met Bonin and began participating in raping and murdering at least six boys. He hung himself while awaiting trial.Gregory Miley: Miley was 19 years old when he got involved with Bonin. He pled guilty to participating in one murder for which he received a sentence of 25 years to life. He is currently in prison.James Munro: Bonin was Munros boss and landlord when Munro participated in the murders of two boys. In a plea bargain, he pled guilty to one murder and received a sentence of 15 years to life. He is still in prison but trying to appeal claiming he was tricked into a plea bargain.William (Billy) Pugh: was the most active accomplice who was charged with one murder, although he confessed to killing two victims. He received  six years for voluntary manslaughter in a plea bargain. Arrest, Conviction, Execution After William Bonins arrest, he confessed to killing 21 young boys and young men. Police suspected him in  an additional 15 other murders. Charged with 14 of the 21 killings, Bonin was found guilty and sentenced to death. On February 23, 1996, Bonin was  executed by lethal injection, making him the first person to be executed by lethal injection in California history. During Bonins murder spree, there was another active serial killer by the name of Patrick Kearney,  using the California freeways as his hunting ground.

Ecology and Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecology and Environment - Research Paper Example Humans are the most advanced organisms in the ecosystem; unlike other organisms that adapt to their environment, humans normally try to make their environment adapt to their needs. In this attempt to unbalance nature, effects of human activities are always more detrimental than any other. These would include such drastic effects as deforestation and the nowadays much publicized global worming.My surrounding is an exciting place full of life and activities. Organisms live and interact with one another freely. However, occasionally, there would always be conflicts within the ecosystem. A highly agricultural terrain with lots of vegetation to show for it, the cool wet climate ensures that tea, coffee, pyrethrum, and other crops do well and are, therefore, planted in large scale. A lake lies to the eastern end and to the southern border lies a game reserve. These two are representations of the existence of all spheres of life in this ecosystem. All the basic needs that any organism would need lie within range. The presence of us humans, however, complicates issues. With humans always wanting large trunks of arable lands for themselves, they would go to any length to get what they want. This would always see to it that more animals are killed as others migrate from the area in an attempt to seek further hunting fields. From time to time, this has seen the extinction of some indigenous animals as previous reports show. From time to time, this has seen the extinction of some indigenous animals as previous reports show.

Sports Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports Law - Essay Example accreditation for laboratory tests (and laboratories themselves) carried out in foreign lands, and that the IAAF should execute measures to see that this is reflected in all EU sports governing bodies. As stated in Rule 55.11 of the IAAF, the procedure of determining whether an athlete is culpable with regards to an illegal substance use does not really matter unless it is "such as to cast real doubt on the reliability of such a finding." (IAAF cited by Parliament 1999) Yet the IAAF compensates for this by stating in paragraph eight (8.2) of the procedural guidelines that the test of Sample B, following that of Sample A, should be done in the presence of the athlete and/or a representative. Also paragraph 8.5 states that every athlete should have the right to a fair hearing, before decisions are reached to avoid unjust suspension or discharging. In the Modahl versus BAF case there were loopholes, open wounds for vampires, on both sides. The effect of it calls for action, not only at the domestic level, but at the international level as well. Note the defence of the BAF: it was simply following the guidelines set out by the IAAF (which in turn probably did not foresee that kind of circumstance). In summary, it is not the sports law and policy that is the enemy here, but the type of attention paid to it. Situations like this summon a need for more focus on positively detailed contractual rules and their application. As always, there is room for growth. REFERENCE LIST Abbott, H. (2006) Sports Law Blog: People Hate Honest Athletes - True Hoop, [Online] Available from: http://sports-law.blogspot.com/ [Accessed 26th October 2008]. CMM (2007), Diane Modahl, [Online] Available from:...Sports Management 335, [Online] 1 Available from: http://www.isenberg.umass.edu/sportmgt/uploads/listWidget/13465/spt335-lpm.pdf ISLA (2007) Doping and Corruption in Sports. Sports and Law, [Online] 1-4 Available from: http://www.icsspe.org/news/pdf/SportsandLaw.pdfPHPSESSID=fed48f126f02e253c7d54624d633a0a0 [Accessed 28th October 2008]. Wadler, G. I. (no date) Doping in Sport: From Strychnine to Genetic Enhancement, It's a Moving Target, [Online] 1-9 Available from: http://www.law.duke.edu/sportscenter/wadler.pdf [Accessed 27th October 2008].