Ornette Coleman Paper free essay sample

Westbrook Ornate Coleman and his impact on well known music/jazz Ornate Coleman is one of the most powerful specialists in Jazz and thought about an American Icon and legend. There are relatively few artists that develop who drastically changed the manner in which we tune in to music. Lavish Coleman was of the significant trend-setters of free Jazz just as an extraordinary saxophonist and writer. Colleens soul-filled, energetic music altered jazz by disregarding standard harmonies and mood. He even made his own hypothesis consonant and applied it to shake instrumental in his gathering Prime Time.The performers new style assisted with recovering jazz by taking into account the class to go into another bearing and be put for his music to be put In a gathering of major twentieth century authors. This paper will examine how Ornate Coleman obtained from the universe of Jazz to Influence show corridor pieces. Elaborate Coleman was a progressive saxophone player who extended contemporary limits of music. We will compose a custom paper test on Ornette Coleman Paper or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He picked up those exceptional aptitudes by showing himself how to play saxophone at 14 years old and by playing with performers in neighborhood cadence and blues bars while experiencing childhood in Fort Worth, Texas in the late backtalk and early ass.Some of his legends Include Charlie Parker and two nearby artists in Fort Worth Ben Martin and Reed Connors. Coleman cherished Charlie Parker and bebop and thought of It as the most progressive aggregate method of playing a tune and simultaneously ad libbing. Parker instructed Coleman numerous exercises particularly about the nature of what he could play and knowing the crowd (Rattail 63). The artist chose to venture out to L. A. What's more, played in different foundations. He in the long run advanced toward New York with his first band having a decent feeling of song and thoughts of laying with no biased harmony changes (Rattail 55).People idea of him as a virtuoso and others condemned him as a quack. His music was viewed as dubious for example In his group of four they had no choral Instruments, for example, the piano. Audience members said his music was fundamentally dismissing jazz customs, however a couple applauded him and said the music was an augmentation of the chronicled practice (Martin,Waters). As he was going in R;8 jazz groups the nation over, he exchanged to and fro among alto and tenor sax. Obstruction was typical for Coleman, and he was use to being fired.In 1950, he composed an unpublished book that manages a hypothesis that tune has nothing to do with agreement, harmonies, or key focuses. In 1958, he framed his own band that was set up on a method of playing which nobody player had the lead however anybody could come join the fun whenever. Starting in 1959, Coleman and his group of four went to New York and built up the idea of free Jazz (George-Warren and Pareses). Free Jazz and extemporized music got rid of any of the exacting types of Jazz and exemplary music, for example, resonance, harmony changes, formal shape and structure, etc.Coleman was placed Into the classification along instrumentation in Jazz, old style rock, and pop taking into consideration any instrument to be equivalent in ad libbing. Numerous entertainers were urged by these people to go past the ordinary procedure to create expanded strategies (Cox, Warner 252). Colleens bunch debut in New York was not normal for anything anybody had ever heard. The bassist or drummer didn't work in an ordinary cadence sense, and there was no piano to give choral harmonies. When Coleman played with his gathering, they didn't have any thought what the final product would be.The bunch was even ready to get he consideration and endorsement from conductor-arranger Leonard Bernstein and author Virgil Thompson alongside different journalists and painters (Europe Jazz Network). Every player in his gathering contributed what he felt in the music at any second, and every part isn't determined what to do however play what they hear in the piece themselves. He likewise expressed that one might say that there is no beginning or finish to any of his music, yet there is a proceeded with articulation, constantly advancing strands of musings that interface the entirety of his arrangements together (Corer, Warner 254).Other things that summed up Colleens style of music inclu de: divided, pointed songs, elodea associations dependent on thought process structure and huge scope motions and dynamic relations among pitches, next to zero utilization of regular congruity and voice driving, however performances frequently have free moving apparent focuses, assortment of melodic beat, nasal stubborn tone, free rhythms, utilization of center and upper range on instrument, energetic articulation, and deviation from standard inflection (Martin, Waters 271). Coleman began to investigate distinctive music prospects by blending and expanding components of blares ton, blues, funk and bebop in territories of congruity, beat and the melodic structure. His melodic styles distanced him from the Jazz world that artists strolled off the phase when he appeared for a show. His new advancements later got known as symphonious, which helped change Jazz by pointing it toward a path away from the melodic styles of bebop, yet additionally settled a spot in a gathering of major twentieth century authors, for example, Charlie Parker, Harry Parch, Charles Ivies, and John Cage (Europe Jazz Network).From 1962 to 1965, Coleman pulled back himself from the spotlight and instructed himself to play the trumpet and violin. He started to direct his concentration toward composing organizations for different melodic structures, for example, downwind quintets, chamber symphonies, string groups of four, musical works and vocal works. This is the point in his life where his music started to influence the show corridor. The main open presentation of one his pieces was the string group of four piece Dedicated to Poets and Writers. Exhibitions of a portion of his works are scant and have not been performed or recorded. The arrival of his two pieces Saints and Soldiers and Space Flight performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra made room for his most acclaimed piece Skies of America musical suite. The piece is scored for Jazz outfit and ensemble and appeared in 1972 at Newport in New York Festival and recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra (George-Warren and Pareses). This work remains as Colleens consonant declaration. There are a few subjects that individuals can recognize.Coleman enters the scene part of the way through the piece with his saxophone during The Artist in America. His tweaks have a new, now and again unexpected sound because of development of the song and the harmonies. There are various distinctive harmony changes which are viewed as right despite the fact that it does with the Jumble of tunes and substantial densities. The whole work presented his agreement hypothesis where harmonies, rhythms, and songs work freely and similarly (George-Warren and Pareses).The hypothesis identifies with the utilization of comparative melodic material in various clefs and keys, delivering a surface of predominately equal movement (Martin, Waters 271). He needed to resemble celebrated artists George Gershwin, Duke Longtime, and Charles Minus so he could help separate limits between present day Jazz and genuine show music. Coleman interprets his capacity as an improviser into symphonic terms. With his symphonic works, he had the option to make an unconventional tone and certain licks dissimilar to some other writer composing instrumental works.During the backtalk Colleens melodic skylines kept on growing. He shaped the gathering Prime Time which fused stone and funk rhythms and melodic sections like RB music alongside its symphonious prospects. The free Jazz/old style arranger currently made move music that consolidated components of Jazz, funk, RB, and rock with an abnormal blend of instruments two guitarists, two drummers, two bassists, Coleman on the sax, violin, and trumpet. This gatherings music included multi-layered songs, polytonal and polytechnic surfaces which were characterized as harmonics.This style formed more music other than Jazz, and Colleens music impacted influenced many stone performers during the ass particularly Frank Kappa (Europe Jazz Network). While Coleman affected stone artists, he kept on broadening his music and got inspired by African societies. He went all through Africa with Prime Time and made another collection Dancing in Your Head highlighting field accounts with the gathering while they were working with inborn performers in Morocco.In the backtalk Coleman reexamined and finished Skies of America in the wake of being charged via Caravan of Dreams, an expressions community that opened in his old neighborhood of Fort Worth, Texas. Coleman kept on composing for all instrumentation and gathering sizes. He proceeded with arrangements for the show lobby, for example, the Meet the Modern arrangement and The Sacred Mind of Johnny Dolphin. His gathering Prime Time in the end blended AC (Martin and Waters)acoustic and electric instruments. In 1993, his most great chronicles from Atlantic were discharged in a case set entitled Beauty Is a Rare Thing.He went on o be drafted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters and was highlighted by the New York Lincoln Center which facilitated a celebration of his works including an exhibition of the Skies of America by the New York Philharmonic and enduring individuals from his band Prime Time (Europe Jazz Network). One of the best Jazz craftsman and writer ever is Ornate Coleman who impacted music for the show lobby and well known music types, for example, Jazz and awesome. His music for the show corridor was imaginative and inventive as remained consistent with his creative style and capacities. One of his most persuasive pieces for the show corridor was Skies of America which helped mix a wide range of styles of music into an instrumental work. People were affected by his spearheading work in making free Jazz and the utilization of ad lib styles just as his recently made consonant hypothesis. Coleman was not reluctant to step out on the

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Worker Relations - Essay Example So as to help the point a contextual analysis relating to the UK retail cooking area has been given. The report is closed through close to home perspectives and thoughts that had been produced throughout the research. 3 This report is proposed to assess the degree to which the National Minimum Wage has been fruitful in overcoming any barrier among male and female laborers in the retail cooking part of the UK. While undertaking broad writing survey and drawing thoughts from significant sources, the report has talked about the business conditions pervasive in the country and has additionally attempted to illuminate the component of equivalent work openings. It has additionally investigated the British workforce, and keeping in mind that assessing the arrangements for evenhanded installment of wages has talked about the job that the National Minimum Wage. So as to help the subject a contextual analysis relating to the UK retail cooking area has been given. The report is finished up through close to home perspectives and thoughts that had been produced over the span of the exploration. Sexual orientation separation in workforce in UK has been in presence for a long time. Ladies workforce was principally found in low paid, low maintenance and low status occupations. There were moderately less number of ladies working in administrative, more elevated levels of legal executive and legislative issues and senior level employments. The purpose for such low convergence of ladies was the way that ladies were expected to have an alternate job in the general public. They are customarily known to take care of the family and ascend the youngster (Goldsmith and Nickson, 1997). Anyway the numbers has changed radically in the 21st and an ever increasing number of ladies are joining the workforce which is a result of an expanding number of ladies seeking after advanced education. In 2005 number of working ladies in UK was 70%. Work can be arranged as Part time and Full time. Ladies basically embrace low maintenance work. In UK the level of ladies and men

Things that will Help you through College Essay Example For Students

Things that will Help you through College Essay Numerous individuals think being an understudy is simple, however it isn't. I was one of those individuals, before I began school. Subsequent to beginning school, I understood that it was in no way like I thought it would have been. I needed to figure out how to deal with my time carefully, focus in class, be on time to each class, do things that are hardest first, and request help when required. How might I be fruitful, on the off chance that I don't do these things? Dealing with my time was the hardest for me to do. I need to keep a house clean, deal with two canines, compose letters to my better half, and discover time to contemplate. We will compose a custom paper on Things that will Help you through College explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now I concluded that it was ideal to clean my home in the first part of the day, and do my concentrating toward the evening. I would take the mutts out in the middle of cleaning and considering. Before preparing for bed, I would compose my letters to my significant other. Having a calendar is better at that point attempting to pack everything in at once. Focusing and taking notes will assist me with improving evaluations. In the event that I don't do these things in class, I won't have the option to pass. It is critical to realize what to do with the goal that I do it right the first run through. For example, I have a task due by Thursday. In what manner will I realize what to do on it in the event that I was not focusing? Numerous individuals are late. I have learned since I have begun school that if I somehow happened to be late three time it considers a missing. I have just been late once, and I attempt to be on schedule. In the wake of being missing such a large number of days that influences my GPA, and I could even bomb the class. I picked up information on the work that I experience difficulty with. For instance, in math class we are relegated the odd issues. I would do a couple of the issues that I was acceptable at, and afterward do the issues that I battled with. This is on the grounds that I definitely realize how to do the simple ones. On the off chance that I experienced difficulty with the harder ones, I could request that the instructor disclose it to me. I needed to understand that I required assistance, and not be reluctant to request it. I was consistently reluctant to pose inquiries in class since I didn't need individuals to feel that I was stupid, or ridicule me. I have understood that the main imbecilic inquiry is the inquiry that isn't posed. In any case, I have learned in the wake of being in school for very nearly a month that I am by all account not the only one who needs to pose inquiries, or get a guide. Getting a guide doesn't imply that I am moronic it just implies that I need assistance. Dealing with my time is likewise significant. On the off chance that I don't deal with my time, I won't have the option to achieve such should be finished. Focusing in each class is significant as well, provided that not I won't acquire the evaluations expected to pass. I additionally attempt to be on time to class, provided that I am not how might that look while going after a position? Each time I am doled out a hard undertaking, I attempt to chip away at it a little at once and not across the board sitting. I am very much educated, since beginning school that it is alright to request help when I need it. I have to remember every one of these things since they will help me all through my school vocation.

Bettys Summer Vacation Details and Summary

Bettys Summer Vacation Details and Summary Christopher Durangs plays are notable for tending to untouchable substance in a gnawing and hilarious manner. Betty’s Summer Vacation, with itsâ talk of interbreeding, murder, mutilation, assault, â€Å"three ways,† uncovering/blazing, and the sky is the limit from there, is no special case. Durang noticed that his occasionally disrespectful way in managing these delicate themes is intended to uncover to a crowd of people exactly how far news and amusement have gone in desensitizing individuals towards subjects that should create sentiments of repulsiveness and repugnance, however which are presently are overlooked close by accounts of the most recent Hollywood outrages. He compares present day crowds to those in Ancient Rome who discovered diversion in fighter fights and sending Christians to battle lions. He composes: â€Å"But I’ve not composed a narrative, I’ve composed a play; and it’s an absurd play too, in which we are not intended to EMPATHIZE with the characters the manner in which one is intended to relate to Blanche DuBois or Willy Loman; it’s progressively like after the tales of Candide and Cunnegonde in Candide, or the characters in a Joe Orton sham, or even the characters in a 1930s screwball satire (however in fact a dim one).† It might be bumping to peruse or encounter a Durang play on the off chance that you are caught off guard for his style. Be that as it may, Durang targets â€Å"healing laughter† that originates from genuine occasions that are currently far off enough from a group of people that when depicted in a specific way can be discovered amusing. Plot Synopsis Betty is on summer excursion in a mutual investment property with her companion Trudy, Trudy’s mother Mrs. Siezmagraff, Keith, and Buck. Trudy is a garrulous young lady who grinds on Betty’s nerves. Buck is an over-sexed savage and Keith could very well be a sequential executioner with a head in a hatbox. Mrs. Siezmagraff is a mutually dependent, Auntie Mame-ish wild woman. She welcomes a vagrant, Mr. Vanislaw, to come over for the night as her date. Mr.Vanislaw is wearing a channel coat and shoes and he flashes everybody in the house and implies his penis each possibility he gets. Trudy and Betty ask Mrs. Siezmagraff to keep Mr. Vanislaw leveled out, however she will not recognize his vulgar conduct similarly as she would not recognize that her late spouse attacked Trudy. Following a night of acts, Mrs. Siezmagraff and Mr. Vanislaw go out drinking. Mrs. Siezmagraff drops on the floor and Mr. Vanislaw, distraught that his date is not, at this point ready to perform, goes looking for Trudy and assaults her. Thereafter Trudy is enraged with her mom for permitting the man into their home and requests that she accomplish something, however Mrs. Siezmagraff chooses not to see and says, â€Å"Every time I get a spouse or a sweetheart, Trudy’s constantly after them.† Trudy is goaded and gets a kitchen blade and cuts off Mr. Vanislaw’s penis. Keith then cuts off his head. During these occasions there is canned chuckling, like that of a giggle track, originating from the roof. From the outset it is inconsistent and befuddling to the characters, however in the end they become acclimated with the giggling and question why some line or activity may get a snicker while others don't. At that point the Voices in the roof begin nitpicking the characters and making demands. Those solicitations before long transform into requests. At the point when Mrs. Siezmagraff calls 911 and the dispatcher advises her to bring Keith and Trudy to the police headquarters, and Betty takes a walk, and Buck leaves to discover the towns’ simple widow, and there is nobody left for the Voices to watch, they get baffled and irate and crash through the roof and into the setting of the play. They are a three-headed beast of sorts. They have three unique characters, however share an associated body bound with wires and tubing. The Voices request that Betty and the remainder of the occupants at the mid year share put on a court show to engage them. After an Oscar commendable exhibition by Mrs. Siezmagraff in which she plays guard lawyer, damaging mother, and tragically deceased Irish house keeper, The Voices articulate Keith and Trudy blameless all things considered. In any case, The Voices won’t stop there. They need savagery and more viciousness. They need Keith to cut off more heads and Trudy to cut off more penises. At the point when Buck returns home, this is exactly what Keith and Trudy do, at the same time holding pleasantly over the grim experience. The Voices need more. They need Keith to explode the house. Betty asks to get away and figures out how to run as Keith turns on the gas oven and pulls out a match. Creation Details Setting: A decent coastline summer network - perhaps some place on the New Jersey shore. Not a stylish, chic area. Time: Summer Cast Size: This play can oblige 9 entertainers. Male Characters: 5 Female Characters: 4 Characters that could be played by either guys or females: 0 Jobs Betty is a sensible young lady. She is the most typical of the gathering of characters amassed at the mid year share. She feels compelled by her activity and her mom and is searching for a loosening up get-away at the sea shore. Trudy utilizes words as medicine. She talks long and relentlessly about everything without exception. She isn't accustomed to being tuned in to and is amazed when Betty or The Voices recognize her. She is urgent for consideration. Keith is a tranquil youngster who is hoping to be disregarded. He had a disturbed youth like Trudy’s and figured out how to adapt by cutting off people’s heads. Buck is a â€Å"lout-hunk.† He is misogynist in a naã ¯ve way. He accepts that all ladies need to be with him similarly as he needs to be with them. He likes to get off around 20 times each day and feels in torment on the off chance that he misses the mark concerning this number. Mrs. Siezmagraff is an amazing elderly person. She lives in a huge manner with self-caused blinders. She will not consider herself to be her girl as a casualty, rather deciding to see Trudy as rivalry for hell's sake/desire of awful men. Mr. Vanislaw is a forsaken who gets his jollies by presenting himself to ladies as regularly as could be expected under the circumstances. He is simple and proud in his needs and wants. The Group of Voices are involved two men and one lady. They are a cross segment of socioeconomics that TV stations survey to perceive what America finds engaging. Creation/Character Notes In the content gave by Dramatists Play Service, Inc, Christopher Durang has notes for potential executives, entertainers, and makers. He expounds on tone, character decisions, the utilization of blood and considerably more. Any theater or organization hoping to create Betty’s Summer Vacation would think that its helpful to peruse and examine these notes. Content Issues: Language, murder, viciousness, assault, inbreeding, sex

Disable CSS bundle and Authorization CSS Blocking Resources

Dnsnsights/ And see CSS bundle and Authorization CSS file is not displaying in page speed test result. Alternative Solution for Default Blogger template user If you are using default Blogger template then you can adopt a safe procedure. Though clickable CSS resources count as render blocking so we will add the CSS bundle file inside style tag. From your Blog page source click on clickable URL and all CSS bundle file will open in new tab. And copy the whole CSS script and paste it in a notepad (Dont paste the CSS code in any Rich text supported text editor like Microsoft Word). link type='text/css' rel='stylesheet' href='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/2973171168-css_bundle_v2.css'/ link type='text/css' rel='stylesheet' href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXzx=c438423a-a8f4-4cca-b115-1e1bcd093875'/ In case of Authorization CSS file open it in Mozila Firefox browser then it will be visible. Because in Google chrome and Opera browser Authorization CSS file often remain blank. And the finally tailor yours script like below. lt;style type=quot;text/cssquot;gt; lt;!-- /*b:skin![CDATA[*/]]/b:skin style type='text/css' [ Paste CSS bundle file code from Notepad here ] [ Paste authorization CSS file code from Notepad here ] [ Here is your all existing templates CSS code ] /style Finally save your Blogger default template and view the page source and see CSS bundle and Authorization CSS file has disabled. And your all widget is running smoothly. Now your template loading speed will increase. After applying this trick your template Layout will completely break. But dont panic it wont affect your site traffic or SEO. For any further query please feel free to leave a comment below.

Cool Gifts For College Students

HomeSurviveParentingCool Gifts For College StudentsThis page may contain affiliate links.Nov 30, 2019 Cyber Monday is over and you still haven’t checked certain college students off your gift list? No worries, the fun, practical, and even charitable things we’ve rounded up here would thrill any college kid. We hope you love the products we recommend! We may collect a share of sales from some of the links on this page. Chinook Trekker Snowshoes Snowshoeing is not only a way to get from Point A to Point B in the snow, it’s also great exercise, and great fun. Lightweight and practical, especially while trudging to class in the snow. Memory Board A board thats perfect for keeping souvenir ticket stubs, photos, and items that will surely bring a smile to any college student’s face front and center. Phillips Norelco OneBlade Face Body Trimmer and Shaver It smooth sialing for guys who use this shaver. Custom Pet Pillow The next best thing to a visit from a lovable member of the family. Electric S’mores Maker Your student can bring back some summer fun regardless of what the weatherman says is going on outside with this s’mores maker. eBags Classic Packing Cubes Make the best possible use of valuable packing space and keep everything contained. iPhone Camera Lens This closeup and wide angle lens allows you to expand your world of mobile photography. Friends: The Complete Boxed Set This quarterly subscription box features creative supplies with the intent to encourage creators in various disciplines to step away from mobile phones and computers, put pen to paper, and develop their creative vision. Basketball 3D Light When the light hits the acrylic plate, it creates a 3D effect optical illusion of a basketball. Great conversation for your sports fan. Echo Dot (3rd Gen) One of the most compact smart speakers that fits perfectly into small space. Tile Anything Finder We’re not naming names, but kids lose things†¦and The Tile makes it easier to find them. Problem solved! Philips Sonicare Rechargeable Electric Toothbrush Because dental hygiene should not be forgotten in college. Catan Board Game One of the most popular board games! The Future Is Female Bracelet Jewelry with a message for your empowered girl. SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSaveSaveSave SaveSave SaveSaveSaveSave SaveSave SaveSaveSaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave SaveSave Road2College Road2College is dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. We recognize the two processes are intertwined and our goal is to educate families on all aspects of admissions and funding so they can make smarter college financial decisions. View all posts CATEGORIES College LifeGift IdeasParentingSurvive TAGS Christmas GiftsGifts For College StudentsHanukkah GiftsHoliday GiftsHoliday Gifts For College StudentsNEWER POSTThe Importance of Researching Comparing Private Student LoansOLDER POSTFSA ID: What Is It and How Do You Create One?

Design and Implementation of an E-Commerce Website

THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN E-COMMERCE SITE FOR ONLINE BOOK SALES By tefera awetahegn Project Report Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences mekelle university May 2007 Committee Members: Abstract The business-to-consumer aspect of electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the most visible business use of the World Wide Web. The primary goal of an e-commerce site is to sell goods and services online. This project deals with developing an e-commerce website for Online Book Sale. It provides the user with a catalog of different books available for purchase in the store.†¦show more content†¦INTEGRATING IIS AND ASP.NET......................................................................... 28 4.5. INTEGRATING THE WEBSITE AND DATABASE....................................................... 29 5. WEB PAGE PROGRAMMING OPTIONS............................................................. 30 5.1. SERVER-SIDE PROCESSING. ................................................................................... 31 5.2. CLIENT-SIDE PROCESSING. ................................................................................... 35 6. WEB BASED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT.................................................. 36 7. DATABASE CONNECTIVITY................................................................................ 38 7.1 ADO.NET............................................................................................................... 38 7.2 CONNECTING ASP.NET APPLICATION TO A DATABASE....................................... 45 8. THE SHOPPING CART APPLICATION .............................................................. 46 8.1. SEARCH FOR BOOKS .............................................................................................. 48 8.2. REGISTRATION....................................................................................................... 49 8.3. USER DETAILS ....................................................................................................... 50 8.4. SHOPPING CARTShow MoreRelatedE-Commerce Strategies for a Local Independently Owned and Operated Restaurant792 Words   |  3 Pagese-Commerce Strategies for a Local Independently Owned and Operated Restaurant What Internet business model would be appropriate for the company to follow in creating a Web site and why? The best possible Internet business model for the local restaurant Kenos would be multichannel retailing and new customer acquisition through event marketing, couponing and pervasive use of social media to promote special events. 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The Various Types Of Research Methodology Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3747 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 3.1 Introduction to research methodology: Types and forms of research philosophy. The different methods for designing the research that we can use for the purpose of evaluating any topic. Illustration of methods used for data collection in terms of their content and other features. The quality of the research is an important element, thus it will be mentioned, including a discussion regarding analysis instruments, finishing with an indication of the researchs limitations. 3.2 Research philosophy: Research philosophy is considered to be an important element for many researchers; this philosophy relies on the methods that can be applied to create knowledge by the researcher. However, there are two types of the methods to perceive the philosophy used in research: ontology and epistemology. Each method has a different effect on the research function (Johnson and Duberley, 2000) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Various Types Of Research Methodology Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 3.2.1 Epistemology: Epistemology is the part of the philosophy that agrees with questions, which can be useful to make the knowledge acceptable in a particular field. The main interest in epistemology is the possibility of following a specific set of procedures and rules of natural science when interested in dealing with the social world. There are three positions of epistemology and natural sciences that can be present to deal with the knowledge: positivism, interpretivism and realism (Johnson and Duberley, 2000). 3.2.1.1 Positivism: According to Creswell (2003), positivism is one of the most important parts to researchers and it includes the introduction of the most valuable theories in relation to the research subject. Furthermore, the researcher will determine the methods that will be used to collect the data, which will be useful to enforce the theories. 3.2.1.2 Interpretivism: According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007, interpretivism is considered a useful method to help the researcher understand the perceptions and behaviour of human beings. 3.2.1.3 Realism: Realism is considered an epistemological stance related to scientific investigation; it looks like positivism in its assumption that the scientific way is best for improving knowledge to use the social sciences of the similar type of data gathering and interpretation (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). The importance of realism is that the presence of objects in reality is independent from human thinking. The two main types of the realism are: Critical realism. Experimental realism. 3.2.2 Ontology: Ontology is a part of philosophy that deals with all topics regarding the domain of the nature of social structures. The important interest is to decide if social constructs are objective, or result from perspectives and works of people (constructivism) (Gill and John, 2010) 3.3 Research approaches Two research methods are available and both were used to understand this research, these are the deductive and inductive methods (Bryman and Bell, 2003). The deductive method is used to illustrate how the research is in relation to theory; this is done by the researcher who deduces assumptions on the basis of what he knows in a specific domain, and the theoretical interest in relation to that domain, then these assumptions go through empirical investigation. The assumptions consist of perceptions that need interpretation based on research structures. To build social structures, social scientists have to decide the way to gather data in relation to the perspectives that formulate the assumptions. The other way of understanding is inductive, which states that the theory is the output of the research. This means the presence of observations regarding specific phenomena; from observations the researcher is able to make his conclusions. The deduction method implements some of t he induction components and the researcher should collect the necessary data to conduct the theoretical reaction; it is likely that he will need more data to generate the case in which the theory may or may not hold (Bryman and Bell, 2003). In order to introduce research that includes useful information, it must answer questions and meet objectives, and there must be an explanation about how these objectives were established or descriptive answers; the researcher may have more than one objective at the same time (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). 3.4 Research strategies: Qualitative and quantitative strategies are considered to be the main two categories of strategy, which could use in the business research. Researchers attempt to use these strategies to decide the relevant technique to use in the procedure of data collection and analysis. A quantitative strategy is one that uses numerical data, like those obtained from the questionnaire technique, or from graphs, while the qualitative strategy uses non-numerical data, like those from interviews, pictures and video clips. According to the objectives of this study, the researcher is going to use the qualitative strategy (Thomas, 2004). 3.5 Different research designs: Research design illustrates the structure for data collection and analysis (Bryman and Bell, 2003); there are five types of research design considered to be useful in many types of research, as follows: 3.5.1 Cross-sectional design: Cross-sectional design is often regarded as a social survey. It collects data on several cases, because the researcher may face variation in many variables, and he needs a greater number of participants in his sample (Burns and Robert B, 2008) 3.5.2 Comparative design: Comparative design is applied to two or more cases in order to accomplish better understanding, because of the comparative nature of the research. This type of strategy can use the collection of qualitative or quantitative data (Bryman and Bell, 2003). 3.5.3 Experimental design: This type of strategy is commonly used when the research aims to evaluate social subjects. This strategy depends on both dependent and independent variables (Burns and Robert B, 2008). However, to apply this strategy, there are facts that should be taken in consideration, such as: The relevant theory should be used. Explaining any sample related with the theory. Explaining any modifications or changes in evaluating the plan and the variables. 3.5.4 Case study design: This type of strategy is related to the place, location, country, organization, people or firm the research is concerned with. It is characterized by extensive investigations regarding the nature of the studys question. However, the result of case studies is often more about understanding the research environment (Bougie, 2010). This strategy is the most relevant strategy to this type of research, because this type of research will answer the designed questions, and it will meet the researchs objectives. A case study will be applied to the banks; it will start by explaining the Islamic banks philosophy and showing the main differentiation between the conventional and the Islamic banking systems. In addition, there will be a comparison between the Islamic and the commercial banks by determine the financial performance in conventional and the Islamic banking systems over the period of study using statistical and financial methods. Furthermore, this research will conduct a compa rison between the two systems of banks during the recent global financial crisis and between the methods they used to encounter or to avoid the impact of the crisis. This comparison will be about reducing the risk that in relation with the financial crisis to determine and apply the most effective system during the period of the study. 3.5.5 Longitudinal design: Researchers apply this type of research design to monitor any possible change in the researchs subject over time; it is used to lengthen the survey research period (Bougie, 2010). 3.6 Researchs quality: The quality of the research comprises four basic features: Validity. Reliability. Generalization. Transparency. 3.6.1 Researchs validity: According to Hair (2007), a researchs validity depends on the following factors: Instrumentation. History. Testing. Ambiguity relating to the direction of the study. Maturation. Morality. According to this type of research, the first four factors are not related to this study, and maturation has little impact on the research; accordingly, this study uses secondary data that comes from different resources. 3.6.2 Researchs reliability: The research reliability indicates an assurance of the results through testing the results that emerge from the analysis (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). Therefore, there are four threats that might occur to the reliability, they are: Bias from the participants. Participants bias. Observer bias. Observer error. Accordingly, these research only observer error and observer biases are relevant to the study because there are no interviews in this research. 3.6.3 Generalization: In quantitative research, the researcher understands that his results may only be usable for that particular research environment and scope. They could be used as a basis and could even be applied in different research. Accordingly, the researcher works to generate a sample that will represent a greater population in order to generalize the results (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). 3.6.4 Transparent: The results of the data analysis and the conclusion of this research will illustrate to the reader how the work has been conducted, as well as the relation between data analysis and the conclusion. 3.9 Data collection methods: The researcher is going to use secondary data In order to answer the research questions and cover the main objectives of this research. The secondary data may include articles, books, annual reports, newspapers, published journal and raw data. However, the research aims to analyse and evaluate the financial performance and the financial stability of the top ten commercial and the top ten Islamic banks. Consequently, the researcher will use the financial information of these banks, and this financial information was issued in the form of financial statements in the annual reports of the banks; accordingly the researcher will use the secondary data from the websites of these banks to obtain the financial statements. The other reasons for selecting only secondary data are that the researcher does not have access to any bank, the sample banks are in different countries in the world and there is limited time to conduct the research. 3.9.1 Secondary data: It is possible to collect both qualitative and quantitative secondary data, which can be employed in an explanatory way in descriptive research. There are three subgroups of secondary data: documentary, survey-based and data obtained from many sources (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). 3.9.2The secondary data for this research: The focus on secondary data collection for the Islamic and commercial banks was the annual reports of the banks, recent articles and journals through the following. The annual reports were issued by the banks, and the financial reports from websites such as the Financial Times, BBS and Congressional. The literature review includes the journals that are related to the Islamic and commercial banks from Science Direct, EBSCO, Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, Journal of Finance, Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, and Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. The literature review includes the most recent published journals and articles that are related to the financial crisis from Science Direct, EBSCO, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis, International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, and International Journal of Political Economy. 3.10 The method applied in the analysis: The researcher will evaluate the financial performance and stability of the top ten commercial banks and the top ten Islamic banks by using the financial ratio analysis, horizontal analysis and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). There are several financial ratios that could be used to determine the financial performance and stability of the banks in order to obtain obvious views about the financial position of these banks. However, since this study is dealing with the analysis of twenty banks in eleven different countries, and as a result of the difference in the countries, also different laws and financial legislation, there appears significant differences in the nature of the financial statements issued; this led the researcher to restrict the selection of the financial ratios to those that are compatible with the financial statements of these twenty banks. Therefore, the researcher will select the financial ratios that they share with each other by using the main items in the balance sheets and income statements; in the other words, the commercial and Islamic banks share the following in their financial statements: Total assets. Total liabilities. Total equity. Total revenue. Net profits. Earnings per share. Accordingly, the researcher adopted these fundamental items in the financial statements in order to determine the best financial ratios to achieve the objectives of this study; therefore the researcher will use the following six financial ratios: Net profit margin (NPM). Return on equity (ROE). Return on assets (ROA). Assets turnover ratio. Gearing ratio. Earnings per share. 3.10.1 Financial ratios analysis The ratio is a simple expression of a number relative to another number; in order for the ratios to be considered as meaningful indexes, there should be a clear and specific relation between the two numbers used in calculating each ratio. More often there is a need calls to search and test the nature of the information, or the basic numbers used in calculating the ratio, in order to explain and understand the full meaning of this relation; the ratio by itself may not mean much unless it is compared with other ratios in a different year or with the industry standard ratios (Walsh, 2003). Generally, it is possible to divide the financial ratios into four basic categories as follows. Profitability ratios: A set of financial ratios that connect profits with sales to express the extent of sales ability to generate profits and the ability of banks to use their equity and assets to generate profits Net profit margin (NPM): This ratio is used to determine the extent to which the firm has the ability to encounter the difficult situations that may emerge either from declines in the products market price or because of a rise in the products manufacturing expenditures. In addition, this ratio can be used to measure whether there is a decline in the sales volume and to measure the net profit volume attained after the interests and taxes per dollar from the revenues. Finally, a higher ratio indicates that the firm is more profitable and has a better control over its costs (variable, operating and financial costs) compared with the other competing firms (Melville, 2008). Return on equity: (ROE): Also called return on net worth, this is used to measure the volume of the achieved profit as a percentage of the common shareholders equity. Thus it is the average of the net profit that the investors achieve from investing their money, as a return on their risk. This ratio indicates the managements competence in operating the shareholders funds (Melville, 2008). Return on assets (ROA): This ratio is considered an index to measure the extent of the firms profitability relative to its total assets. In addition, it measures the management efficiency in using the assets to generate the profits (called return on investment) and it greatly depends on the type of industry and the volume of assets used in production. Accordingly, this ratio is used to compare between firms within the same sector to know the volume of profits resulting from investing in assets (Melville, 2008). 2) Efficiency or activity ratios: These ratios are used to evaluate the extent to which the firms management is successful in managing the assets in order to generate revenue, which is considered the basic source of profit. Assets turnover ratio This ratio is considered one of the most important ratios to measure efficiency. This ratio measures the extent of the ability of the banks to use their assets to generate revenue, and it shows the range of generating revenue from each dollar of assets (Mckenzie, 2010). 3) Capital structure ratios: These ratios are called solvency ratios and are considered instruments to evaluate the extent of the firms ability to pay its long-term obligations; they also measure the extent of the success of the financing policy used in the firm and, in balancing between external and internal financing resources, the reflections of its policy on financial leverage risk. The most important ratios that can be used in this field are the following: Gearing ratio The assets of the bank can be funded in two ways: Liabilities (borrowing) Equity (retained earnings + capital share) When the banks require the financing of new assets, they make financing decisions based on the costs and risks; borrowing is considered less costly than equity but equity is considered less risky than financing through borrowing. Accordingly, the importance of studying the gearing ratio appears to determine the financial risks that the banks encounter (Mckenzie, 2010). This ratio was measured based on the ratio of the total liabilities to the total assets. 4) Market ratios: These ratios help the shares analysts in performing their tasks when evaluating the firms performance; they also help the present and prospective investors dealing with and working in the financial markets to know the attitudes of the stock market prices. The most important ratios used in this field are the following: Earnings per share (EPS) According to the international accounting principle 33, the net profit or net loss for the period for the common stock holders is the net profit or loss after deducting the sum of the profits for the holders of the preferred shares, and all the recognized items of the revenues and expenditures during the period, including the taxes and expenditures, the unusual items and minority equity, mentioned in determining the net profit or loss for the period. Accordingly, this ratio illustrates the banks ability to generate net profits to the shareholders per share; furthermore, many of the investors depend on it in their investment decisions because it is an important index regarding the banks financial performance (Mckenzie, 2010). 3.10.2 Horizontal analysis: Horizontal analysis is an essential method used to determine the fluctuations in the total assets, equity, liabilities, net profit and revenue of the banks over a period of time, and to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the banks (Elliott, 2009). 3.10.3 SPSS Statistical Software Program : SPSS is a computer program for statistical analysis introduced in 1968 by Norman H. Nie; it is used to evaluate variables in relation to government, bank, marketing organizations and Survey Companys researches, to determine whether the variables are input or output. SPSS can be used for the purpose of analysing data management and documentation and for other types of analysis, such as descriptive analysis, prediction numerical outcomes, predictions for identifying groups and vicariate statistics. In this paper, the researcher will estimate the mean and standard deviation for financial ratios during the period of study (2005-2009) to outline the results of the financial ratios. In addition, the researcher will calculate the mean and the average of the standard deviations in order to give a clear understanding regarding the financial position of the Islamic and commercial financial systems (Burns and Robert B, 2008). 3.11 Limitations of the research 1. The differences in the currencies between the banks and the countries. 2. The differences in the financial standards adopted in the issuance of financial statements. 3. The differences in the financial transactions of both systems, which leads to differences in their financial policies. 4. There are huge differences in the total assets, liabilities and equity for both systems, which impact on the comparative analysis of both systems. Chapter Five THE CONCLUSION This study aims to evaluate the financial performance and stability of the top ten Islamic and the top ten commercial banks during the period 2005-2009. In addition, it attempts to determine the impact of the global financial crisis on the both systems in order to explore which is the most efficient system. The study began with an explanation of the importance of the banking system, the services offered by Islamic and commercial banks and the difference between Islamic and commercial banks in order to meet the first objective. In the literature review, the researcher discussed Islamic banking transactions, the principles of the Islamic banking system and some previous studies which have examined the financial performance, efficiency and stability of both systems in different regions. In the analysis chapter, the researcher employed six financial ratios and the horizontal analysis to determine the financial performance and stability of both systems in order to meet the seco nd and third objectives, and to determine the impact of the current financial crisis on the two systems and determine which system was more efficient in facing the financial crisis in order to meet the fourth objective. Then the researcher used the statistical program known as SPSS to summarize the financial results of the financial ratios. The results of the financial ratios and statistical program (SPSS) indicate that the financial performance of the top ten Islamic banks was better than the financial performance of the top ten commercial banks during the period of study. The financial crisis affected both systems. However, the financial performance of the commercial banks declined strongly compared to the financial performance of the Islamic banks. However, in 2009, the effect of the financial crisis continued on the Islamic banks, while the commercial banking system improved its financial performance. However, the performance of Islamic banks remained better than the comme rcial banks. Accordingly, we reject both null hypotheses and accept both alternative hypotheses. 5.2 Recommendations 1. To create a market for short-term borrowing between Islamic banks, which would assist in managing their liquidity, just like a market where commercial banks borrow from each other (such as the London Interbank market, which deals with LIBOR interest from one day to five years). 2. To apply hedging policies in investment portfolios of Islamic banks based on the geographical distribution of the financial risk, and interest from the distribution of risks appears when a collapse of financial markets has not been affected by other financial markets in different countries. 3. To develop asset, liability and liquidity management in both Islamic and commercial banks, which would contribute to reducing the impact of the financial crisis on both systems. 4. To increase Islamic bank branches in non-Muslim countries, such as America and European countries, due to the existence of a large number of Muslim communities, in addition to the interest that appears from the distribution of income in different geographic areas. In contrast, there will appear a fluctuation in the exchange rates of foreign currency risks. 5. To improve the financial services for their customers in both systems in order to increase customer loyalty to these banks, which would contribute to reducing the phenomenon of a sudden rush of withdrawals by the depositors. 6. To improve the quality of the financial investments in both systems, particularly in the commercial banks, for instance, investments in the financial derivatives, such as CDS (credit default swap), which was one of the most important reasons for the current financial crisis. 7. To apply a mergers and acquisitions policy (MA) between the banks in order to increase the strength of banks in the face of potential risks. 8. Commercial banks should carefully study the Islamic banking system in order to take positive things from it, and Islamic banks should carefully study the commercial banking system to take positive t hings. 9. To establish an international Islamic bank and international financial market and support existing regional Islamic markets.

7 Insects Commonly Found on Milkweed

Natural Disasters And Manmade Disasters Essay - 1948 Words

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Natural disasters can claim prop erties, damage the economy, and can even result in death. You know as well as I know what happened in Hurricane Katrina. I went through it back in 2005. I’m here to research and provide a summary of the event, to examine the precautions (preparations) that were taken beforehand when the storm was still in the tropics, to take a look at how the local, state, and federal governments responded to the event and talk about the recovery process and where the state of Louisiana is today. Keywords: NaturalShow MoreRelatedCommunity Disaster Assessment and Planning Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Disaster Assessment and Planning The potential for natural and manmade disasters is a constant threat, especially in today’s world of climate change, political upheaval, and global unrest and terrorist activity. 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Symbols Within The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1149 Words

Topic 3: Symbols Within The Metamorphosis Throughout a person’s life, multiple changes occur that can be viewed as either good or bad depending on the circumstance. Change is an unavoidable happening that shapes someone’s identity and their perception on life, and the ability to accept the changes that occur in a lifetime is what keeps living things prospering. If change can not be received favorably, then it will ultimately be the conclusion for those that can’t adapt. The inability of acceptance of change by both himself and others around him is shown in the novella The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. In the novella, Gregor has had the unfortunate alteration of being changed into a bug and he is no longer able to provide for his family. Not only does Gregor feel unable to adapt to this new change, but his family completely avoids him and sees him as a new burden for them as he is no longer worth anything in their eyes. Often when someone is faced with a large neg ative change to their life others may exile them in order to avoid facing their change. The theme of exile is shown through The Metamorphosis with symbols such as the apple, his father’s uniform, and the door. Within many literary works, the presence of religious symbols is a very common use in order to show themes such as banishment and negative ideas. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor is faced with the same form of dismissal as Adam and Eve within the bible. When Gregor’s father encounters his son in his newfoundShow MoreRelated A Portrait of Franz Kafkas Life in his Fictional Story, Metamorphosis1515 Words   |  7 PagesPortrait of Franz Kafkas Life in his Fictional Story, Metamorphosis Franz Kafka seems to have had a tough time growing up with his father, who was apparently a domineering, unapproachable man. 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Sustainability Is Defined As The Capability â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sustainability Is Defined As The Capability? Answer: Introduction Sustainability is defined as the capability of biological systems in order to remain and endure diverse and productive in the long run. The main leading value for the procedure of sustainability is the schedule for maintainable and sustainable development which has different interconnected elements such as ecology, economics, politics, and culture. There are several problems which have challenged peoples reality in the expedition for the accomplishment of developmental sustainability (Hallstedt, 2017, p. 70). Such issues are usually stated by the scholars as wicked issues since they may not be defined fully and they have no concluding solutions where all the interests of stakeholders are optimal. These issues are always difficult and are continually changing necessities, and when one tries to solve a particular aspect in them, it results in rising new several issues making it very complex to get an ideal solution. Wicked issues are thus a set of specific problems which are reflected to be symptoms of other issues. For people to be in a position to come up with resolutions to sustainability issues, it is necessary to change from their conventional tactic of reasoning and develop their mental models. System thinking comes in this situation as models to assist individuals in enhancing significant resolutions to sustainability issues (Rauter, Jonker and Baumgartner, 2017, p. 146). System thinking is defined as an inter-disciplinary outline which is used to picture the interconnections for viewing different forms of change instead of static snapshots. Though system thinking is an old aspect, it is always referred to as the new method of thinking in order to manage and understand the already existing difficult issue both locally and worldwide. It is a way for development developers to conceptualize as well as act in the direction of the systematic incorporation of economic and socio-environmental proportions of sustainability. The tactic enables establishment for leveraging management difficulties comparative to other ways. It also comprises observing the entire picture as well as comprehending the broader setting while concurrently appreciating relations amongst different levels (Domingues et al., 2017, p. 300). The importance of this study is based on the fact that no wicked issue which occurs in isolation, but all situations are part of the vast structure of interrelated networks, and thus systems thinking method is significant while creating resolutions for such issues. The reason is that an individual may not understand the behavior of a particular system by examining a few of its sections but rather the entire system (Kauflin, 2017, p. 1). This essay seeks to assess the function of systems thinking in local and global sustainability issues as well as drawing attention to one of the wicked challenges. Personally, I agree with the stated statement that systems thinking is critical in developing solutions to sustainability challenges, since the method shows a systematic approach to address problems. A system thinker usually tries to observe beyond the level of microscopic details of an issue to the set of connections in which they are related. This paper analyses the methods in which the t actic addresses the issues through its major phases such as diagnosing the issue so as to view how it may be solved, as well as implementing resolutions with known results. Specific attention will be drawn to the wicked issue of domestic violence while striving to appraise the significance of systems thinking in dealing with the problem. Focusing on systems thinking, solving the wicked issues of sustainability like domestic violence needs two important components. Form bigger system flexibility for the natural surrounding as well as subsequently reconsidering leadership so as to make it appropriate for dealing with the difficulties of all the combined methods (Hubeau et al., 2017, p.62). Contrasting to the conventional methods of thinking, the systems thinking often put stress on the effects and causes in the systems and the way they are mutually reliant to each other. The tactic may, therefore, assist people to get an in-depth comprehending of the connection in the actual world systems as well as solving the sustainability problems by further comprehending the wicked issue system dynamics. This paper thus concentrates on the use of systems thinking method in order to ensure families are stable and no issues of domestic violence. Sustainable development tries to take along together its 3 elements in balance. Neverthe less, priority is offered to two of its major concepts that are the economy and the culture. The wicked issue of domestic violence lies under the cultural aspect of sustainability. Looking at domestic violence, system thinking often demands that people should diagnose the issue on the table in its different forms and then see ways in which it can be solved. Looking at domestic violence, very many people in marriages go through domestic violence, and some have a tendency of keeping quiet and not speaking out about this issue because they are afraid of the way other people will perceive them. Focusing on the statistics, they show that women are more likely to be the victims of domestic violence caused by their intimate partners with 85% and men are only 15%. Several women have been held confined with the issue of domestic abuse whether through financial abuse, physical abuse, emotional or psychological abuse or a combination of the three issues (Robinson, 2010, p.311). Evidently, we have witnessed stories concerning the issue from athletes beating their spouses publicly or at home or even celebrities abusing their girlfriends in front of everyone. Research shows that there are many causes of violence and it brings when both partners disagree on an issue, and since women are most likely to be the victims, the husband may end up beating his wife out of anger. Most husbands feel superior, and they use their superiority to abuse their wives even over a little argument. Another cause is when one partner threatens the other one that she will leave him. Men abuse their wives after they are threatened that they will leave and they do this to scare them from leaving and obey whatever they are told (Koenen et al., 2017, p. 309). When the husband has financial issues, he may turn out to be violence in order to protect his ego. Some husbands use their wives as tools to get rid of the stress at their workplace, and after arriving at home, they only cause violence without caring about their children and the wife. Domestic violence is related to many diseases such as depression and hypertension due to stress and lack of peace at home. Additionally, it als o affects the victim and particularly children in that family. The features of systems are that all the sections should be there and that it needs a particular organization as well as purpose. Following the arrangement of how domestic abuse starts, it may begin with the abuser threatening to abuse the victim, but the victim takes it for granted. The abuser may also start showing signs of being jealous at the beginning of the relationship, and he might equate jealousy with a lot of love such that the victim may not suspect anything wrong. The abuser may question the victim the person she has been talking to and accuses her of flirting or become jealous of the time she has spent with others. He might have controlling behavior such as restricting her from visiting her parents. The victim may also be denied a chance to make her decisions and be forced to do something that she is not comfortable doing. When the controlling behavior persists, the abuser takes control of the finances of the victim such that all the money of the victim goes to the abuse r. The abuser might start making the victim to isolate from her friends and family such that he blames them whenever something goes wrong in their relationship or marriage. These abusers have a tendency of blaming others due to their own problems or feelings, and mostly they put the blame of their wives. After all these signs, the abuser starts to be violent, and it affects both the wife and the children physically or psychologically (Hearn, 2013, p.169). Thus, peace in the family, and being emotionally fit depends on the relationship at home between couples hence there is need to get ways of solving the problem of domestic violence. It is using systems thinking which we are in a position to analyze and identify the features which result to the lead to the wicked issue. The method also qualifies us to develop a good relationship with our families and recognize how domestic violence is likely to affect us in the whole family. Thus, system thinking is important in establishing resolut ions to sustainability problems (Phillips and Vandenbroek, 2014, p.42). The major focus of system thinking is to help in solving problems and exclusive comprehending of the difficult actual world systems like the explained domestic violence issue. By concentrating on the problem, short term resolutions may be developed easily. Several efforts have been realized to help control the issue of domestic violence. Many organizations in the world have come, and they deal in rescuing victims of domestic violence and offering free houses and counseling processes (Wijethilake, 2017, p. 580). For example, the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) is usually the voice of all survivors and victims of domestic violence. Their mission is that they are the catalyst for a changing society in order to have zero tolerance regarding domestic violence. They do that by affecting the policy of the public, increasing the understanding of the effect of domestic violence as well as offering education and programs which drive the targeted change. The organization ed ucates the society concerning the effects of domestic violence, and they help to reduce its occurrence thus creating peace in families. However, there are efforts of restoring broken marriages due to violence. The capability to see the system of the wicked issue thus results to the leveraging of solutions that in the aspect of domestic violence offers us an idea of the way we may make a better arrangement in order to make sure that there is sustainable control of the issue of domestic violence. Decision makers in our society rely on the formation of more effective mental representations in order to understand the interconnections of the elements of the system and the way they influence people whether indirectly or directly. The survival of people is reliant on the constant development of system thinking (Allais, Roucoules and Reyes, 2017, p. 221). Nonetheless, it is complex to understand and learn concerning the complicated systems which one is still living in them. System thinking concerns taking one step away from the system and observe it from another perspective from outside. People have no otherwise, but they should rethink about their leadership in order to make it suitable to decide the crucial complexities of cooperative methods to deal with (Fritz, Schggl and Baumgartner, 2017, p.591). Furthermore, improving system resilience improves the entire complexity of the system and therefore results to the necessity of effective understanding, coordination, and good leader ship innovation in different organizations of investors. The necessity of working together with organizations increases because all have a common goal of ending domestic violence and it gives the leaders a new challenge. Conclusion In conclusion, it is greatly understood that sustainability problems which are faced by people currently are so complex to tackle due to the way they are difficult. Additionally, it is also understood that neither single solutions nor single firms may be optimal to solve these problems. It calls for system thinking in order to advocate for resilience as well as good leadership in striving to tackle the sustainability problems. Policy makers must, therefore, form legislations which may impact positive changes in our society since it is the only easy method to sustainability. Wicked issues are thus a set of specific problems which are reflected to be symptoms of other issues. For people to be in a position to come up with resolutions to sustainability issues, it is necessary to change from their conventional tactic of reasoning and develop their mental models. Additionally, leaders require acting with their wisdom which assimilates true systems moral imagination, understanding and gene ral sensibility. Main funding firms, institutions, and governments must be encouraged to support programs which may establish new accomplished leaders who may comprehend the dynamics of the system and be in a position to deal with cultural issues. Therefore, with the information provided, I support the statement that systems thinking is critical in developing solutions References Allais R Roucoules L and Reyes T (2017) Governance maturity grid: a transition method for integrating sustainability into companies?, Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, pp. 213226. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.069. Domingues A R Lozano R Ceulemans K and Ramos T B (2017) Sustainability reporting in public sector organisations: Exploring the relation between the reporting process and organisational change management for sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, 192, pp. 292301. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.074. Fritz M M C Schggl J P and Baumgartner R J (2017) Selected sustainability aspects for supply chain data exchange: Towards a supply chain-wide sustainability assessment, Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, pp. 587607. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.080. Hallstedt S I (2017) Sustainability criteria and sustainability compliance index for decision support in product development, Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, pp. 251266. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.068. Hearn J (2013) The sociological significance of domestic violence: Tensions, paradoxes and implications, Current Sociology, 61(2), pp. 152170. doi: 10.1177/0011392112456503. Hubeau M Marchand F Coteur I Mondelaers K Debruyne L and Van Huylenbroeck,G (2017) A new agri-food systems sustainability approach to identify shared transformation pathways towards sustainability, Ecological Economics, 131, pp. 5263. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.019. Kauflin J (2017) The Worlds Most Sustainable Companies 2017, Forbes. doi: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathryndill/2016/01/22/the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-2016/#36d4f4e5965f. Koenen K C Moffitt T E Caspi A Taylor A and Purcell S (2017) Domestic violence is associated with environmental suppression of IQ in young children, Development and Psychopathology, 15, pp. 297311. doi: 10.1017.S0954579403000166. Phillips J and Vandenbroek P (2014) Domestic violence in Australia: an overview of the issues, Parliamentary Library Research Paper. Available at: https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/library/prspub/1246402/upload_binary/1246402.pdf;fileType=application/pdf#search=%22background note (parliamentary library, australia)%22%5Cnhttps://agent.capmon.com/facsnet/cgi-bin/facsserve_document.cgi/facs/p. Rauter R Jonker J and Baumgartner R J (2017) Going ones own way: drivers in developing business models for sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, pp. 144154. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.104. Robinson A (2010) Domestic violence, in Handbook on Crime, pp. 245269. Wijethilake C (2017) Proactive sustainability strategy and corporate sustainability performance: The mediating effect of sustainability control systems, Journal of Environmental Management, 196, pp. 569582. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.057.

Research on the Acoustic Impedance-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the effect of the material acoustic impedance on two major scenarios. Answer: Introduction The propagation of small sound pressure waves through a medium is termed as acoustics. The area has been of great interest to the scholars as attempts are made to scientifically uncover the key aspects of the propagation phenomenon. Notably, acoustic impedance is among the issues that research scientists have focused their energy to develop the concept further with the intention to explain how the phenomenon occurs and the various parameters that can affect it for a given material. In this brief study, great attempts are made to determine the methods and applications involved. Classical deterministic models are often used to mathematically draw a scenario of acoustic impedance and how it depends on the frequency. In this paper, therefore, two methods with accompanying practical applications will be elucidated; such methods as the ultrasound with applications in the spatial compounding. Now, there are two major applications alongside the methods that are currently in use. Therefore, t he aim of this paper is to uncover the fundamental principles and practice in the study of acoustic impedance. Certainly, the paper will greatly serve as a substantive material in the furtherance of acoustic impedance concept in the practical world. Methods of measuring acoustic Impedance The 2-microphone transfer function This method is implemented using an impedance tube with two microphones situated at positions whose distance apart is known. The concept is as follows: An incident wave is propagated from loudspeaker and a reflected wave result. The standing-wave phenomenon can then be used to measure various characteristics like impedance, wavelength and frequency. It should be noted that the tube is in-situ in the set up. The plane wave is made to travel in the duct and the frequency is limited by the geometric properties of the tube such as diameter and speed of sound in air. Mathematically, the upper limit frequency, according to Chalmers (2012) must be: Fu0.58Co/d.(1) The speaker will act as a source of sound wave and the incident pressure wave is denoted PR Notably, the complex sound pressure at the microphone position is given by: P1= P1(x1) + PR(x1)= P1e-jkx1 + PRejkx1(2a) P2= P1(x2) + PR(x2)= P1ejkx2 + PRe-jkx2 The microphone would then detect the signals (both the incident and reflected pressure waves). However, due to internal amplitude and phase between the microphones, the microphone interchange method can be used to minimize this mismatch (Chalmer, 2012). Finally, the transfer function of both the incident and reflecting waves between the microphones can be derived using the general equations 3(a) and 3(b): H1= P1(x2)/P1(x1)= P1e-jkx2/P1e-jkx1= ejks3(a) HR= PR(x2/PR(x1)= PRejkx2/PRejkx1= e-jks3(b) Where s=x2-x1 The reflection coefficient R can then be determined (which is actually the ratio of the complex reflected and incident pressures. Rx=x1= H12-H1/(HR- H12)(3) But note that there is normally a portion of the incident propagating wave that is not reflected but absorbed, that is given by: = 1-/R/2.(4) The surface acoustic impedance is therefore give as: Zs= Zo(1+R)/(1-R) where Zo= PoCo acoustical characteristics impedance of air Effect of frequency on the impedance The acoustical impedance is affected by the source frequency such that low frequency sources result in lower impedance intensity hence reduced impedance level. However, best performance of the set up occurs at a particular low frequency region as given by equation 1. Besides, the diameter of the tube plays a pivotal role on the frequency range allowable in the method. Higher frequency above the given limit is often constrained by the tube diameter. Wave decomposition method In the previous method, consideration was made for plane waves only hence the model is limited to certain applications. However, here the wave decomposition method can cover the oblique-incident and normal pressure waves hence applicable to higher modal order modes (Schultz, Cattafesta Sheplak, 2006). The method depicts a one-dimensional lined duct with an excitation speaker at one end and impedance boundary on the other end. There is normally a material that will be inserted at the duct-end such that during propagation, the material produces, in part, a reflective and reactive boundary hence complex transfer function results. Mathematically, dU/dx(L, t)= -k(1/c)dy/dt(L,t).(5) Where k= complex acoustic impedance X= L,U(L,t)= fluid particle displacement at x=L C= sonic wave speed in the duct (m/s) t = time variable x= spatial variable (m) L= length of the duct (m) Hence equation 2 illustrates how the impedance can be determined using the method once the experiment is performed: Re(T)+iIm(T)= Re(k) cos [w/c(x-L)+i{Im(k)Cos{w/x(x-L)-sin[w/c(x-L)/Re(k) Cos (w/cL)+i{Im(k)cos(wl/c)+sin(wl/c)}(6) The acoustic pressure of the system is proportional to the spatial derivative of the particle displacement P(x,t)= -pc2dU/dx(x,t) Application of Acoustic Impedance The turbofan engine acoustic The two-microphone transfer function method can be used in the turbofan engine to analyze the material acoustics making up the compressor and the turbine. The model first considers the system to be such that the phenomenon occurs in lined ducts with an axial flow of the sound pressure waves. There is need to know the boundary conditions at the walls and at the treatment surfaces (Malmary Carbonne, 2001). According to Malmary Carbonne (2001) the normalized acoustic impedance is given as: Zt= 1/PoCo x (P/vn) . (1) where P= acoustic pressure at a point of the surface of the liner, v = acoustic velocity at the same point, n= normal to the surface of the liner, Co=speed of sound in air and ?= air density However, a part from the layer impedance, there is cavity impedance which must also be factored in hence the total acoustic impedance from the system is given by: Zt= Z-jcot(KL) ... (2) where K= acoustic wave number, K=w/co and L= cavity depth Therefore, critical parameters that will determine the relevance of the model in the practical sense include: the dimensional property of the attenuating medium and the flow characteristics such as mach number, frequency among others which mathematically can be represented as: Z= z(e,d,?,w,/v/, M).(3) Where w= sound pulsation /v/= amplitude of the normal acoustic velocity M= Flow Mach number However, it should be noted that the above model is linearized where the frequency characteristic relates with the acoustic impedance as follows: Firstly, for a perforated pipe, according to Malmary Carbonne (2001) the impedance is given as: Z= r+jX ..(4) Where r= (8vw)0.5/?Co(1+e/d) +1/8?(kd)2 and X= w/?Co[e+8d/3(1-0.7?0.5) +(8v/w)0.5(1+e/d)] However, as pointed out earlier, this model is not sufficient in its entirety so to speak; because the real-world acoustic systems often exhibit non-linear behavior hence a further extension to the method is necessary. However, there are other more specific methods that utilize the acoustic impedance phenomenon with their underlying applications as discussed in the next paragraphs Spatial compounding More often, acoustic impedance measurements could be used in the generation of the ultrasound images but problems of occlusions may hinder the performance in situations where the material acoustic impedance is high. Unlike the other scenarios, where the mean of the impedances can be used in a straight fashion; this case requires the beam intensity to be increased so as to overcome the material impedances. This is what is termed as spatial compounding. Hence often the material acoustic impedance will have to be known from the standardized models after which the system design will take root. Nevertheless, spatial compounding ensures that the ultrasound imaging is a near excellent result while overcoming the layer impedances during propagation (Malmary Carbonne , 2001). References Dingzeyu Li, David, I, Matusik, W Changxi Zheng, C. (2016). Acoustic Voxels: Computational Optimization of Modular Acoustic Filters. Available from: https://www.cs.columbia.edu/cg/lego/acoustic-voxels-siggraph-2016-li-et-al.pdf Malmary, C Carbonne, S. (2001). Acoustic impedance measurement with grazing flow. Available from: https://perso.univ-lemans.fr/~yauregan/publi/AIAA-2001-2193.pdf Rienstra, S.W Hirschberg, A. (2017).An Introduction to Acoustics. Eindhoven University of Technology. Available from: https://www.win.tue.nl/~sjoerdr/papers/boek.pdf Wachinger, C, Shams, R Navab, N. (2008). Estimation of Acoustic Impedance from Multiple Ultrasound Images with Application to Spatial Compounding. Available from : https://campar.in.tum.de/pub/wachinger2008impedance/wachinger2008impedance.pdf Chalmers. (2012). Evaluation of impedance tube methods - A two microphone in-situ method for road surfaces and the three-microphone transfer function method for porous materials. Available from: https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/178260/178260.pdf Utsuno, H., Toshimitsu Tanaka., T Fujikaw., T. (1989). Transfer function method for measuring characteristic impedance and propagation constant of porous materials. Available from: https://spectronics.net/resources/Technical%20Papers/Bulk%20Properties_1.pdf Yunseon, R. (no year). The Acoustic Impedance Measurement System using two microphones. Available from: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.612.6612rep=rep1type=pdf Vorlander, M. (2013). Acoustic Measurements. Available from: file:///C:/Users/Otieno/Downloads/9783540240525-c1.pdf Pcfarina. (2006). Acoustic Impedance Measurements. Available from: https://pcfarina.eng.unipr.it/Public/Standing-Wave/ebook_6_impedance.pdf Schultz,T., Cattafesta,L.N Sheplak, M. (2006). Modal decomposition method for acoustic impedance testing in square ducts. Available from: https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.2360423 Hull, J.A. (1992). A Comparison of Acoustic Impedance Measurement Techniques. Submarine Sonar Department. Available from: https://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a255566.pdf Pcfarina. 2006. Acoustic Impedance Measurements. Available from: https://pcfarina.eng.unipr.it/Public/Standing-Wave/ebook_6_impedance.pdf Spatial and Frequency Compounding in Application to Attenuation Estimation in Tissue Ziemowit KLIMONDA, Jerzy LITNIEWSKI, Piotr KARWAT, Andrzej NOWICKI Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Science. Available from: https://www.ippt.pan.pl/Repository/o2659.pdf Thesis. Chapter 3 -Basic Acoustic Modeling. Available from: https://theses.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10232000-10320002/unrestricted/Chap3.pdf Williams, L Wilkins. 2009. Acoustic Impedance. Walters Kluwer Health. Available from: https://www4.uwsp.edu/physastr/kmenning/Phys115/Link5-09_acoustic_impedance.pdf Wolkesson, M. 2013. Evaluation of impedance tube methods - A two microphone in-situ method for road surfaces and the three microphone transfer function method for porous materials Masters Thesis in the Masters programme in Sound and Vibration. Chalmer University of Technology. Available from: https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/178260/178260.pdf